IN THE CREATIONS OF UZBEK AND ARABIC LITERATURE ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE "OLD SCHOOL" SYSTEM

Abstract

This article observes the image of "old school" in the works of Arab-Uzbek writers. In the Middle Ages, the common Islamic civilization went through the stages of great cultural, scientific and literary growth in its development.Islamic enlightenment required a righteous Muslim to be aware of divine and worldly knowledge. The traditional Muslim edu­cation system is two-stage, the first is the school, which provides basic knowledge, writing, reading, Tasks such as memorizing the Qur'an were assigned. Then, the educational process moved to secondary and higher religious educational institutions-madrasas. Clerks and school­masters, secretaries (employees) for state offices were trained there. Madrasahs were often opened near large mosques. In our region, there were schools and madrasahs in every city. In the madrasahs, religious studies - interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, hadiths, laws of Sharia along with medicine, astrology, mathematics, philosophy, geography and other subjects are taught. Our great scholars known all over the world received this traditional Muslim education.

Also, this article talks about the fact that by the late Middle Ages, primary educational centers-schools have lost their former essence and turned into an institution that mainly teaches the alphabet and memorizes the Holy Qur'an without explaining its meaning well.By the new era, such schools were cut off from life in providing education and completely did not respond to the changes taking place. Most of the time, they were taught by illiterate mullahs, who used only old traditional methods to teach children. In the new era, especially in the stage of enlightenment (XIX-early XX centuries), the need for new schools and modern education has become increasingly intense both in Turkestan and in the Arab world. The old school system was severely criticized. It is interesting to note that this process took place simultaneously in Turkestan and in the Arab world, although these regions are located far from each other. Fiction literature, which is a modern answer to the problems of life, approached the problem of the old school and found its expression in the works of enlightened writers Sadriddin Ainiy and Abdulla Avloni in Turkestan.

Sadriddin Ainiy in his work "Old School" shows the slowness of the education system of that time, the indifference of people, that they lived thinking about today and did not pay enough attention to the fate of their children.Along with Uzbek intellectuals, the novel "Days" ("Ayyam") by the great Arab writer Toha Husayn, "Mulla" by Surayya al-Baqsami, a well-known writer of Kuwaiti literature, and "Memories of Memory" by Sheikha al-Nakhi, a bright representative of the literature of the United Arab Emirates, are analyzed in the article. drawn. It is worth noting that the situation presented above in Sadriddin Aini's "Old School" is also seen in Toha Husayn's novel "Days" created in the 30s of the 20th century, as well as in the story "Mulla" by Surayyo Baqsami, created in the 70s of the 20th century.