THE EXPRESSION OF NATIONALITY IN THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE NOVEL "BYGONE DAYS "

Abstract

This article aims to study how the terms representing nationality are covered in the translations of Abdulla Qadiri's novel "Otgan Kunlar" and to analyze them with the help of examples. In the years after the independence of our country, the interest in translating the best masterpieces of Uzbek national literature into foreign languages and thereby introducing the customs, traditions, culture, and language of our people to the whole world is increasing. Before independence, all our works were translated into other languages indirectly, mainly through Russian, but now they are being translated directly, and this is well received by foreign readers. At this point, it should be noted that not only Uzbek translators but also foreign translators are involved in translating the works of our great writers and novelists such as A. Qadiri, A. Qakhkhor, P Kadirov, who embodied the national spirit and spiritual world of the Uzbek people, into foreign languages. We should mention the fact that translators and even foreign translators have joined hands is a sign of our success today. Mainly, the translation of our historical works into Western languages allows readers of other languages to get enough information about the history of our country, the great deeds of our great figures and the great monuments they created and left us as a legacy. They also get to know more  about our intellectual ancestors, their life and fates. After reading these translated works, they will witness for themselves how rich the literary heritage of the Uzbek people is. One of the complex tasks facing translators today, that is, one of the problems they often face, is the need to pay special attention to the original nationality when translating any work into another language. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study the methods used by foreign translators in highlighting the national characteristics expressed in the work, to analyze them through examples, and to investigate the extent to which they have done their work skillfully. In this article, the translated works of the American translator Mark Reese, who directly translated "Otgan Kunlar" from Uzbek to English, and the translator Karol Ermakova, who translated the work indirectly from Russian to English, were compared to each other, and then compared to the original version of the novel. At the end of the research, it was concluded that the direct translation is much more closer to the original than the indirect translation, and the national spirit and national color could be more preserved in it.