EMERGENCE AND GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF REALISTIC STORY IN KUWAIT

Abstract

The period of renewal of Arabic literature, i.e. the departure from traditional medieval literature and the process of assimilation of the ideological and artistic experience of world literature began in the middle of the 19th century, first in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, and a little later in the Arab countries of Iraq and the Maghreb. The Gulf Arab countries joined this process much later, Kuwait and Bahrain from the second half of the 20th century, and Qatar, UAE and Oman from the 70s. The Enlightenment movement was much slower in Kuwait and Bahrain, where the main trend in Arabic literature was mixed with elements of Enlightenment realism, sentimentalism, and partly romanticism. But after the Second World War, the dramatic socio-political and socio-economic changes that took place in the Gulf countries largely sidelined the ideology of the Enlightenment, and the main principle of literary development here remains realism with a socio-moral tone. The activation of relations with intellectuals of culturally developed Arab countries and the accelerated development of the general information field, that is, the publishing press, radio, and television, played a huge role in the spread of the realistic method of mastering reality in the literature of the Gulf. While the realist direction was developing, it was at this stage that the genres of modern literature, such as stories, essays, novels, and poems, were formed in Arabic literature. In the text of these works, clearly expressed national lines appeared at one time; these are determined by the characteristics of culture, domestic life, socio-political life, and the use of local dialects of the Arabic language in the statement of reality.