ANTHROPOLOGICAL TEACHING OF FENG YULAN IN THE CONTEXT OF PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

Abstract

The main leitmotif of the study is the anthropological, ethical, praxeological, methodological aspects of the philosophical views of Feng Yulan, the founder of post-Confucianism. A comprehensive analysis of the ontological and existential principles of the anthropological teachings of Feng Yulan was carried out, based on his works "A New Treatise on the Nature of Man", "A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy". The emphasis is placed on four levels of the evolution of ideas about the existence of man: natural-biological, moral-ethical, utilitarian-pragmatic, transcendental-cosmic. An innovative method that combines Western and Chinese philosophical traditions is analyzed, and its significance for the history of Chinese philosophical thought is determined. In this context, the role of linguistic symbols, categories and concepts for understanding the epistemological facets of the anthropological teachings of Feng Yulan is shown.

The dialectic of the relationship between heaven, earth and man, which in traditional Chinese philosophy was defined as the main force, the presence of each of which was necessary for the Universe, is revealed. The ideological continuity is traced in the philosophy of Feng Yulan, for whom the trinity "heaven-earth-man" is the cosmic hidden forces that create the Universe. The article draws an analogy in solving the problem of a person within the framework of the teachings of M. Heidegger and F. Yulan, reveals existential aspects in understanding a person. Two principles are revealed in F.Yulan's concept of man: “virtuous principles” and “natural principle according to the will of heaven”. The elements that bring humans closer to animals are determined: instincts, physiological needs (“sensuality”). An interpretation of the concept of "human heart" is given, which reflects the individual, unique qualities of the nature of an individual.

The relevance of the problem under study is due to: firstly, the imperfection of the spirituality of the modern world, therefore philosophers, scientists are increasingly turning to the problems of improving the essence of man and harmonizing his relations with society and the outside world; secondly, a person becomes the source of all the problems of the neo-globalism era and, accordingly, the concepts of a person developed by thinkers of Eastern and Western philosophy become the core around which all theoretical and applied research is concentrated; thirdly, it is the “East-West” synthesis that will be able to restore perfection to a person, will be able to heal human nature, restore a holistic picture of the world.