FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DECLENSION OF NOUNS (BASED ON SAYYID SHARIF JURJANI'S WORK "NAHVI MIR")

Abstract

At present, our country pays great attention to learning and teaching foreign languages. Because, our country is striving to gain a worthy place in the world community, maintaining relations with many countries in the economic, political, cultural, diplomatic, scientific and educational spheres. This in turn indicates that one of the most important tasks is the deep learning of foreign languages, including Arabic and its incomparable beauty, history and grammar. It is also important to learn grammatical rules and terms from the original sources rather than translated sources for better understanding.

As it is known, there are six cases in our mother tongue and all these are included in three of cases of Arabic language. They are nominative, genitive and accusative cases. Nominative case is used in six kind of situations while, genitive and accusative cases are used in two and eleven kind of situations respectively.

It is well known that in Arabic linguistics words are divided into mabniy (i.e. immutable) and mu'rab (i.e. mutable). Whether it is a noun or a verb, it varies in a sentence according to its function. It is clear from this that factors and their types are important topics in Arabic grammar, and many well-known linguists have tried to shed light on them. One such linguist was Sayyid Sharif Jurjani, who in his Nahvi Mir provided important information about the types of factors and their scope, and analyzed them scientifically through examples.

In this small study, we have focused on the theories of the famous Nahvist scholar Sayyid Sharif Jurjani on the factors of I'rabs, and have tried to make a comparative analysis of their views and thus to analyze how the subject is covered in Arabic.