THEORETICAL-CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF MIGRATION AND ITS SOLUTION

Abstract

Migration can be defined as a social phenomenon characterized by its own complexity and diversity. Usually, migration flows move from countries with low development indicators to relatively developed regions and countries with high socio-economic indicators (for example, high monthly wages). Global displacement has reached record levels, with 55 million internally displaced people and 26 million refugees. Although international migrants make up 3.6% of the world's population, they can be seen in different ways across countries. For example, the number of immigrants in countries like Saudi Arabia is 88 percent of the population.

Today, more than 281 million people, i.e. 3.6% of the world's population, are involved in international migration processes, which is 3 times more than in 1990 (128 million). Accordingly, we believe that it is important to focus on international migration as a factor that directly affects the demographic dynamics, labor market and socio-economic processes of receiving and sending countries. .

Today, mass exodus of IT professionals from Belarus and Russia is causing concern in these countries as well. European countries are not interested in the acceleration of the flow of refugees in the Middle East and North Africa. In this regard, in 2015, the EU signed an agreement with Turkey on the detention of refugees on the territory of Turkey. In Russia, labor migrants serve to provide economic sectors with scarce cheap labor. After all, due to the closure of the borders in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the country's economy experienced problems related to the lack of labor force. At the same time, migrants also create an opportunity for Russia to exert pressure on sending countries. Therefore, migration and its consequences depend on the perspective of these countries.