SHARQ MASH'ALI

THE ROLE OF NAVOIY RECITATION AND NAVOIY'S CREATIVE TRADITIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF KOKAND'S LITERARY ENVIRONMENT

Saydganiyeva Gulbahor — 2024-11-13

The article provides an analysis of sources related to the Kokand literary environment of the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries. The issue of continuing the traditions of that era to the present day is covered. Opinions are presented about the duration of the Navoikhonlik traditions - Navoi readings, discussion and analysis of the poetry of Alisher Navoi, the creation of poems in a style similar to Navoi by modern poets. In the analysis of mukhammas - poetic imitative five-line poems written in the traditional style of classical Uzbek literature; a comparative typological method was used. It was determined that Navoihonlik can serve as a unique literary, cultural and educational source in the study of the Kokand literary environment. At the same time, the vitality and duration of the classical traditional poetic forms of the Kokand literary environment show the degeneration of its iconic feature into a new era. The place of this literary environment in the development of Uzbek literature is shown.

THE REFLECTION OF THE IDEAS OF PEOPLE'S WELL-BEING IN ABU YUSUF'S WORK “KITAB AL-KHARAJ”.

Abduqahhor Raxmonov — 2024-11-13

Abu Yusuf is one of the most important figures in the Islamic world who lived in the last quarter of the 8th century. He is a thinker who made a great contribution to the development of Islamic science, and his contributions to the development of the Hanafi madhhab, one of the schools of jurisprudence, are considered great. The article mentions the personality of Abu Yusuf and his scientific heritage, in particular, his great efforts for national peace, material and spiritual life of citizens. Especially Abu Yusuf's development of the tax system, the description of the types of taxes based on one by one accurate calculations, greatly helped the Islamic countries in the subsequent management system.

The period in which Abu Yusuf lived is considered the period of Ummavi and early Abbasid rule in the Islamic world. Although there were disturbances in the caliphate, the atmosphere of Islamic knowledge was preserved. Abu Yusuf is a product of the political, religious, scientific, social and economic environment of his time. Accordingly, the thoughts, problems and proposals that reflect his views reflect his scientific methodology. Because the presence of a number of companions and subordinates during his lifetime gave the opportunity to preserve knowledge for the scholars who were growing up in their footsteps. One such scholar is Abu Hanifa, and Abu Yusuf is considered the best student of this scholar.

Yakub Abu Yusuf, one of the great scholars of the Islamic world, made a great contribution to the development of science and culture through his socio-philosophical views. First of all, it should be mentioned that the socio-political situation played a big role in the development of Abu Yusuf's tax system. Because it is analyzed that the transition to feudal relations in Arabia occurred together with the establishment of a single state with the emergence of Islam.

One of the most important works on socio-economic issues written by Islamic scholars in the early Middle Ages is Yaqub Abu Yusuf's "Kitab al-kharaj". In this work of Abu Yusuf, socio-economic relations in the society are widely covered. It is emphasized in the work that economic activity is an important direction of building a socially prosperous life.

If Abu Yusuf's views are carefully studied, it can be seen that his real goal is to increase the welfare of the people. He developed some socio-economic approaches to improve the welfare of society. It is revealed that issues such as the tax system, benefits, state-individual relations, fair judicial procedure are aimed at the welfare of the society.

PORTRAIT AND SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS IN THE STORIES OF GADA AS-SAMMAN AND ZULFIYA KUROLBOY QIZI

Dilafruz Abdullayeva — 2024-11-13

The works of the modern Syrian-Lebanese writer Gada al-Samman and the Uzbek writer Zulfiya Kurolboy kizi have much in common and points of contact. One of them is the theme of a woman, which is of particular importance in the work of writers. These two writers, who are artists of the female psyche, write in their works about the fate of Eastern women, the bitter fate, the position of a woman in society and the family, family values and the duties of a woman in her. and the complexity of these processes.

This article discusses the issue of psychologism and psychological analysis in the stories of Gada al-Samman and Zulfiya Kurolboy kizi, as well as common features in the works of two writers. The similarity of the writers' style and the ability to use such tools as rhetorical characterization and psychological analysis are revealed to reveal the inner world of the hero. Writers Gada al-Samman and Zulfiya Kurolboy kizi skillfully use in their work such tools of psychological analysis as rhetorical characterization and portraiture, create prose works enriched with elements of psychological and magical realism. In particular, the implementation of the concept of psychological imagery, inner speech and inner monologue is of great importance in their work. Similar ideas in the work of two writers who lived and worked in different countries had no interaction and influence, the harmony of the author's goal, commonality in relation to the realities of society, the harmony of the author's style, Gada as-Samman and Zulfiya Kurolba kizi, who managed to characterize the social problems of her time at the level of personal problems, a certain shift in processes proves to the modern writer that he will enter the ranks of the creators who influenced the rise.

CHINESE TRAVELER XUANZANG'S WORK "THE GREAT TANG RECORDS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS" AND THE UNIQUE ASPECTS OF THE "XIN TANG SHU" SOURCE

Xubbaliyeva Maxpurat — 2024-11-13

This article is dedicated to the book “The Great Tan's Travelogue” which recounts the historical journey of the Chinese traveler Xuan Zang to Central Asia in 627 AD, as he embarked on a travelling to India to study Buddhism. Throughout his travels, Xuan Zang meticulously documented the events he witnessed, the geographical locations of various countries, as well as the ethnography and daily life of the medieval inhabitants of the region. The travelogue provides detailed accounts of the distances and routes to several Central Asian countries, offering valuable topographical insights into the history of the region. Xuan Zang‘s extensive journey encompassed territories that now belong to the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, offering unique perspectives and impressions of the places he visited. Furthermore, this article delves into comparative analyses of the accounts provided in Xuan Zang‘s "The Great Tan's Travelogue" and the Chinese historian Ouyang Xiu's "Xin Tan Shu," presenting findings from scholarly works by Uzbek, Russian, and Chinese historians. This study sheds light on the rich historical and geographical information preserved in these pivotal sources.