SHARQ MASH'ALI

EVOLUTION OF NEW CHINESE POETRY CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATION (END OF THE XIX CENTURY, BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY)

2023-02-07T03:04:59-06:00

The socio-political changes that have taken place in the last years of the imperialism of China have also had an impact on literature. Particularly, there were some activities equal to a revolution in poetry. This process was carried out in a short period of time in several stages, sometimes successfully, sometimes unsuccessfully. Poetry has abandoned old traditions and moved closer to the people as much as possible. Despite strong opposition, the usage of bayhua, the common language of the people, did not stop spreading in poetry. Moreover, the abandonment of rhythm, rhyme, and other features of typical classical poetry became a primary goal. It was not the form of a poem, but its idea, its essence, that came to the fore, which began to undermine its artistic and aesthetic value. This article discusses the evolution of the Chinese poetry revolution and the contribution of the writers and schools that participated in it.

ABOUT SOCIAL TERMS MIR, AMIR, AND MIRZA

2023-02-07T04:06:50-06:00

These theses are devoted to substantiating the difference in the meanings of the social terms world and amir, which are important for historical source studies, but are often confused by researchers.

GREAT OPPORTUNITIES OF A SMALL GENRE (EXAMPLE OF FARID EDGU'S STORIES)

2023-02-07T02:03:26-06:00

This article provides information about the work of contemporary Turkish writer Farid Edgu and analyses selected short stories. The stories analysed are taken from the short stories collections "Av" ("Hunting", 1967), "İşe Deniz, Maria" ("Here is the sea, Maria", 1999). The author also briefly mentions major Western and Turkish literary figures who have influenced the writer's work, and gives an idea of the general characteristics of their style. In particular, despite the fact that some of Farid Edgu's stories are very short, there is a deep philosophical meaning in their essence. In Turkish literary studies, such works are referred to as "minimal öykü" (minimal story). One of the most important aspects of Edgu's minimal stories is that they focus more on the situation than on the story. The works such as "Death of the Executioner" ("Cellad'ın Ölümü"), "Unexpected Guest" ("Beklenmeyen Konuk"), "In the Dark" ("Karanlıkta"), "If Only" ("Keşke") and "Thought" ("Hayalhane") are reviewed in this article. In these stories an attempt is made to reveal great possibilities of small genre and philosophical essence of life. In this sense one can conclude that the transfer of a small event or situation onto a large pictorial canvas is the main feature of Farid Edgu's style.

In addition, the symbolic plot, symbolic image, symbolic dialogues, and their expression in a new method are the leading features of modern Turkish storytelling. Another unique feature of Farid Edgu's style is that he has convincingly highlighted human conflict situations such as tragedy, rebellion, intolerance and intransigence in all their complexity in a series of stories. The writer has made a great contribution to the development of figurative prose style and at the same time to the development of the "minimal story ("minimal öykü") genre in Turkish storytelling, making effective use of metaphor typical of Orientalist literature. The opinion of the Turkish literary critics, who have studied the works of Farid Edgu and have at times engaged in a debate with him, has also been taken into consideration. The article concludes with a summary of the unique aspects of the author's works and stories.

PRIORITIES OF UZBEKISTAN WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE TURKIC STATES (UTG)

2023-02-07T06:07:06-06:00

This article describes the emergence of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), the stages of its development, and the participation and initiatives of Uzbekistan within the Organization. At the same time, possible areas of cooperation are listed, on which attention will be focused during the period of Uzbekistan's chairmanship in the OTS.

OF TURKISH ADJUSTMENTS IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE MORPHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT

2023-02-07T03:45:33-06:00

The lexical composition of any national language, its total vocabulary, is a phenomenon that is formed throughout the entire historical development of this nation. The vocabulary of languages is enriched by internal and external resources. In most languages, internal resources are the main source of vocabulary replenishment. However, external factors also play a role. External factors include borrowing.Borrowing is the transfer of vocabulary from one language to another. They increase the vocabulary of the language, serving as a source of new stems, phrases and terms.The topic of "borrowing" is one of the most widely studied topics in lexicology. We can learn about the relationships between contacting nations through assimilation. Therefore, this topic is still the subject of research in many linguistic studies.When loanwords enter the language system, they go through several processes of adaptation. These adaptation processes can be phonetic, grammatical, semantic, graphic or stylish. Each adaptation is a separate topic and needs to be studied separately. Of these, grammatical adaptation, in particular morphological adaptation, is studied with particular interest. By this way, we can find out to what extent a foreign word has been borrowed to the language system.This article is devoted to the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings in Persian. In it, Turkic loanwords between independent word groups such as noun, adjective, form, number, and verb were studied, and the extent to which they adopted grammatical categories was studied.In particular, categories specific to the categories of words were considered, such as plural affixes, word formation and degrees of adjectives. Examples were taken from fiction and online materials to determine if loanwords are in use today. Examples have been given in sentence structure to better define the meaning of loanwords. Transcript and translation of sentences were also given as examples.

ANCIENT RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2023-02-07T05:52:05-06:00

The article notes that Buddhism and Islam, which are currently the main world religions in the region of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, are among the main religions, the spread of these religions also had its own characteristics, like Hinduism, in contrast to the processes that took place in other countries, although the Islamization of the region has continued for decades, even centuries, the region has not seen Arab military action.

With the spread of Islam in the region of Southeast Asia, it developed under the influence of the religions that existed there, and over time began the process of syncretization with the customs of other surrounding religions. It is noteworthy that at the time of the penetration of Islam, the population accepted it not as a foreign religion, but as a pre-existing belief.

THE ROLE OF VERBS IN STYLE DISTRIBUTION PERSIAN (BY THE EXAMPLE OF BOOK-WRITTEN AND CONVERSATIONAL STYLES)

2023-02-07T03:27:39-06:00

The article reveals the possibilities of verbal vocabulary in the differentiation of styles of the modern Persian language. It highlights some of the characteristic features of bookish and colloquial styles, developed with the help of verbal vocabulary.

Vocabulary plays an important role in the formation and differentiation of functional styles. And, despite the fact that in the vocabulary of each language, many words are commonly used and stylistically neutral, it is with the help of certain lexical units that one functional style is distinguished from another. In each of the styles, peculiar features inherent only to it are manifested, consisting of the use of certain means and methods of expression.

Considering the structural diversity of the verb, the article reveals the possibilities of each type of verb in the Persian language. Describes the individual methods used in the language to convey shades of book-written and colloquial styles. It is emphasized that both lexical and grammatical means of the language are involved in this process. In particular, it is noted that when transferring the features of book-written and colloquial styles using simple and so-called complex verbs, both simple verbs and the constituent parts of a complex verb, as well as phraseological and idiomatic phrases, participate in this process.

SLAVERY RELATIONSHIP INFORMATION IN ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS OF THE XIVA KHANATE

2023-02-07T04:35:48-06:00

This article analyzes the archival documents on the issue of slavery in the Khiva khanate (in the Manuscripts Fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, the National State Archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the Khiva Ichon-Kala Museum-Reserve, as well as the Orenburg Region State Archives of the Russian Federation). The question of the relationship that has been studied. The documents mainly covered the sale of slaves and the release of slaves. The customs of gifting slaves and maids in the Khiva khanate and the documents on the gift of slaves were also studied, on the basis of which the issue of the role of Islam in the social and spiritual life of the Khiva khanate was analyzed. One of the measures to free slaves and maids from slavery in the Khiva khanate was to get free for money, and this issue is also reflected in some archival documents. Based on the study of documents from the Orenburg Regional State Historical Archive on the liberation of Russian slaves, the level of political relations between the Khiva Khanate and Russia, as well as the measures taken by the Russian government to free slaves were also discussed.

In general, this article tries to reveal the existing documents on slavery kept in the archives, not only the role of slavery in the social life of the Khiva khanate but also the political and economic relations of the khanate with Russia.

EDUCATIONAL SUBJECTS IN THE POEM “PHOENIX” BY THE AZERBAIJANI FOLK POET NARIMAN HASANZADEH

2023-02-07T03:12:57-06:00

The works of the People's Poet of Azerbaijan Neriman Hasanzadeh are of great importance in the upbringing of the young generation in the spirit of patriotism. In this regard, the poem “Phoenix”, dedicated to our historical past, deserves to be remembered as a special. Although the events in the work cover the 1820s, they are still echoed today. The Russian Empire attacked Azerbaijan with a large army in order to conquer the Caucasus and enslave its inhabitants. He overthrew the existing Azerbaijani khanates and annexed their lands. Later he won the war with Iran and usurped the lands inhabited by Azerbaijanis. However, the Azerbaijani people were not defeated and the struggle for freedom continues, albeit locally. Along with men, girls and women also participate in these wars. In the background of all these heated massacres, the image of a mother traditionally called the “Phoenix” stands out. With the image of a simple artist, carpet weaver, N. Hasanzadeh created a generalized image of Azerbaijani mothers who put national pride and homeland honor above all else.

While reading the poem “Phoenix”, the reader is as if experiencing the events of a difficult period, his heart is filled with love for the country, he is ready to sacrifice his life for the country. Of course, the effect of such work is sufficient in our victory in the Second Karabakh War.

SOCIAL LIFE OF MEDIEVAL EGYPTIAN WIVES

2023-02-07T04:19:12-06:00

This article contains information on the role of women in public life during the reign of the Mamluks in Egypt (1250-1517), their influence on the Mamluk sultans, and Queen of Egypt Shajaratu-d-dur, which contributed to the creation of the Mamluk state. The article is based on the works of many medieval Arab historians. It is known that in Islamic countries there is an opinion that a woman cannot rule the state. After the death of Sultan Turanshah in 1250, prominent people of Egypt saw the need for the ascension of Shajaratu-d-dur to the throne. She ruled Egypt for 80 days. When she realized that the courtiers were beginning to rebel against her rule, she married commander-in-chief Oybek. And when Muad ad-Din Oybek al-Turkmani ascended the throne, the period of direct rule of the Mamluks began. In the palaces of the Mamluk sultans, women were glorified and called “hotun”. Women at that time were followers of Sufi sects along with men. Hund Shakarboy, the wife of the Sultan of Hushkadam, was known as the patron of the Badavia sect. Writers of that period described women in their works. Women spent their time mainly in their homes and went outside mainly for shopping at the market and for weddings.

UZBEKI AND TURKISH PEOPLE EXPRESSING THE CONCEPT OF THE FATHER COMPARISON OF ARTICLES

2023-02-07T02:55:27-06:00

They are cultural treasures that carry the moral and cultural values, traditions, beliefs, customs and traditions of nations from past to present.

In this study, the proverbs related to the paternity role of men in Turkish and Uzbek societies are discussed in a comparative way. It has been seen that the number of Uzbek and Turkish proverbs dealing with the concept of father is very high. However, some of the proverbs identified in our study were included.

Some sources and dictionaries, both in Uzbek and Turkish, were searched for the proverbs that included the concept of "father", which forms the basis of the study. Other proverb dictionaries, especially Ömer Asım Aksoy's two-volume "Proverbs and Idioms Dictionary" (1988), were also used as a source for Turkish proverbs. For Uzbek proverbs, the dictionary of Oʻzbek Xalq Maqollari (Turdimov, et al., 2005) was used.

The proverbs about the father were evaluated in terms of meaning for both societies. As a result, it has been stated that the expression "father" is perceived as a sacred concept with similar meanings in Uzbeks and Turks. It has been tried to determine the similarities and differences of the proverbs about the father for both related languages.

NATIONAL IN A NEW STAGE OF UZBEKISTAN'S DEVELOPMENT ENSURE YOUR IDENTITY AND SECURITY MAIN DIRECTIONS

2023-02-07T06:11:42-06:00

As a result of the penetration of Western mass culture into every country, many problems arise in national identity, spirituality, morality, and the national system of values. To solve such urgent problems, it is necessary to change people's consciousness, worldview, way of thinking, level of knowledge. Most importantly, every country must protect its young generation from such harmful and dangerous ideas. We must ensure our own spiritual security. One of the reasons for the need to ensure moral security in our region is that the market economy, along with foreign investment, modern technology and market formation methods, brings its culture, lifestyle, worldview and imagination to our country.

In this article, one of the main directions of national self-consciousness and security at a new stage in the development of Uzbekistan is focused on increasing the ability of young people to understand their national identity from a spiritual and educational point of view, the fight against moral threats.

METAPHORICAL COMPARISONS WITH THE COMPONENT ~듯(이) IN KOREAN

2023-02-07T04:00:57-06:00

Currently, interest in learning foreign languages has increased. As you know, a person who knows a language knows the world. Based on this, today young people striving to master the achievements of modern science and technology pay special attention to the study of foreign languages. Our republic has all the opportunities to implement its goals. Only aspiration and perseverance are required from young people.Today, all over the world, learning foreign languages is an important task in achieving previously defined goalsEach language has its own characteristics due to the cultural heritage of the people. A person uses various lexical units, grammatical and phonetic laws of the language. However, often a communicative situation puts its participants at a dead end, since in communication there is an inability of speakers to interact with each other. Such a situation is possible when communicants cannot use the language, or rather, correctly choose those language means that could provide a speech effect on each other.The minimum unit of speech is a word. A word is a complex of sounds or a single sound that has a certain meaning fixed by the linguistic practice of society and functions as an independent whole.There are many tools that are used to build images, to form new lexical meanings.Lexico-semantic variants of a polysemous word depend on each other in different ways and are variously related to each other. In the educational literature, a different number of traditional types of figurative meanings of words are called.The most typical case of a figurative meaning is a metaphor. The metaphor is based on similarity. In metaphor, the image and the object are combined in one word in such a way that the word has two meanings at once: direct and figurative. A direct meaning is an image, a figurative meaning is an object.Comparison is one of the common means in artistic depictions in Korean sayings. For comparison, images of birds, animals and plants are most often used.But there are much more comparisons in the form of brief poetic formulas. Grammatically, they are formed by the adverbial form in ~듯(이).

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: THE UAE EXPERIENCE

2023-02-07T05:57:15-06:00

Artificial intelligence is the present, not the future. This technology is gradually revolutionizing the field of education. The article discusses the experience of the United Arab Emirates in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in school and university education. A SWOT analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the use of artificial intelligence in education is also presented.

LEXICON OF TURKIC ORIGIN IN “JAMSHID AND KHURSHID” MASNAVI’S LANGUAGE

2023-02-07T03:32:26-06:00

From the point of view of studying the centuries-old history of the Turkish language, these language monuments created by Turkish poets and writers in the Middle Ages are important sources. The study of these monuments written in the Turkish language, and the study of their phonetic, lexical, and grammatical features also create conditions for determining the literary norms of the Turkic languages. From this point of view, the analysis of the vocabulary of “Jamshid and Khurshid”, a Turkish language written monument of the 14th-15th centuries, is both important and interesting from the point of view of studying the existence of Turkic words.In this article, the lexicon of Turkic origin has been studied in the language of Ahmadi’s masnavi “Jamshid and Khurshid”, the words of Turkic origin involved in the research have been compared with their usage forms in modern Turkic languages. As a result of the research, it has been found out that there are enough words of Turkic origin among the nouns, verbs, and numeral words used in the language of the monument. However, in the lexicon of “Jamshid and Khurshid” verbs occupy a greater place among the words of Turkic origin. In the lexicon of the 14th-15th century written monument “Jamshid and Khurshid”, carrying the linguistic features of Anatolian Oghuz Turkic, some of the words of Turkic origin have been preserved with minor phonetic changes, and some have been preserved their functionality as they are in modern Turkic languages.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ZOROASTRIANISM (MAZDA YASNA) AND ITS FATE TODAY

2023-02-07T05:46:54-06:00

The article discusses a brief history of the Mazda Yasna religion, its place, its status in the modern globalized world, and issues. The article discusses the fate of the few Zoroastrian communities in countries where this religion exists.

A LOOK AT BABUR'S VIEWS ON LINGUISTICS (IN THE EXAMPLE OF "BABURNAMA")

2023-02-07T03:18:28-06:00

Zahiraddin Muhammad Babur was a great ruler, a magnificent commander, an incomparable writer and poet, historian, literary scholar, and also a connoisseur of the Turkic language. Babur did not have a special work on linguistics. Despite this, in his work "Baburname" the scientist often explains the etymology of some toponyms and provides information about the historical names of this area. The author used all the riches of the Turkic language. "Baburname" is a unique monument of history, classical literature and the Turkic written and literary language. All this indicates that he was a major specialist in linguistics. This article is devoted to the linguistic knowledge of the great figure.

LIFE AND TIME IN ORKHON-YENISEY MONUMENTS

2023-02-07T04:26:52-06:00

The Turks, who have the steppe culture, also thought about these questions and reflected their worldviews in the monuments. They had certain ideas and beliefs about the existence, formation, and creation of the universe. The ancient Turks had certain ideas and worldviews about life, set a measure for time, used the Turkish calendar with twelve animals, and this is widely reflected in the language of the monuments. The fact that the calendar with twelve animals reflects the Turkish culture and some sources confirm it suggests that the calendar belongs entirely to the Turkish way of thinking. A calendar with 12 animals was developed in the language of the Orkhon-Yenisei monuments. In the article, it is known that the concepts of life and time and cosmogony were formed in the worldview of the ancient Turks.